This is intended for friends who are just starting in the world of cars. Many hear appoint the most diverse parts of the vehicle but sometimes we do not have 100% security of its meaning. I hope this is of help and if anyone can increase it's contribution is welcome.
English ABSSiglas for Antilock Braking (Antilock Braking System). Refers to a set of devices that prevent electro in braking, one of the wheels can become blocked. This gives the front tires can obey at all times to the actions of the steering wheel, something impossible when locked. The vehicle remains stable, even if performed dirigible braking butt on a smooth road. But that is the raison d'être of the system, in most emergency braking, a car with ABS stopping distances get smaller. Under these conditions, we recommend stepping on the brakes, not just until the device starts running, so that all the wheels removed existing maximum adhesion. When an ABS acts, the driver receives a pulse in the acoustic and brake pedal. In conditions such as sand or snow, which may accumulate in front of a locked tire, the intervention of ABS braking distances would not lower, so its usefulness in the road is sometimes questioned. Its operation is similar in most vehicles: the system works in coordination with an electronic control unit, which receives information via sensors. These measure the instantaneous velocity of each wheel and, in case of braking, deceleration is calculated for each tire to evaluate its tendency to block. If this does occur, it starts a process that lasts only a split second: the switchboard? Through a control valve group-reduced, to the extent deemed necessary, the brake circuit pressure corresponding to the wheels likely to crash. Once the danger has passed, the original pressure is restored.
Airbag "airbag" in English. In a strong collision, the cushion is inflated in 30 milliseconds or less, to the occupant, or his hand, in the case of side-airbag, in order to avoid hitting the interior rigid parts car. The bag (which is part of the passive safety features of the vehicle) becomes to deflate in tenths of a second, after completing their mission impact cushioning. The system is activated when a deceleration sensor array detects that an accident has occurred (the vehicle speed is greatly reduced in a very small time interval). Thus, a signal is sent to an electronic control unit, which is responsible for activating the mechanism. A small pyrotechnic charge exploited by a spark and the gas resulting from the outbreak (also can come from a container in which it is contained under pressure and handle the explosive release) is the bag inflates in a time that can not exceed 40 milliseconds. Were the first driver airbags, steering and had emerged avoid that might collide against the same, minimizing possible damage. This security measure was extended to the front passenger, with a much larger cushion (120 liter capacity, compared to 30-60 for the driver) that arises from the dashboard. Protection against lateral impact came next, with bags (8-15 liters) that were deployed to chest level, both in the front seats and in the rear. The latest applications that have been built to shelter vehicles also head in side impacts, with a tubular shaped cushions that are deployed to windows diagonally. Some of them extend from the front pillar to the rear along the entire car, and take up all the windows, preventing head injuries and admission of crystals in the cockpit. They are also available in some models, more airbags in the area following the injury scale: the foot area. In order to minimize the damage suffered by the occupants most airbag have begun to incorporate a system to be deployed with greater or lesser intensity depending on the severity of the accident. Thus, it prevents the rapid expansion of the bag (made of nylon and progressive outlets gas to better absorb the impact) can cause minor injuries in crashes. Do not forget that the airbag is a supplement to the seat belt and not replaced in any case. This cushion can prevent injuries in crashes at very low speed, but if we do not carry the belt, no use in hard collisions.
EstabilizadoraElemento of the suspension bar consisting of a metal bar which connects the two wheels of the same axle. It acts when both wheels are moved upward or downward simultaneously. Lets have a flexible and comfortable suspension, artificially increasing cornering stiffness. Thus, the lower the rolling stabilizer bars, so that they are also known as anti-roll bars.
SecuencialSe called sequential change manual with the change that in place of the gear select lever drawing with the traditional "H", simply move the lever in one plane, forward and backward. Also includes manual changes driven by levers on the steering wheel because you can not select a gear skipping any other, but forced to go through all the intermediate. By extension, also called sequential pulses that management by the lever or buttons on the steering wheel in manual mode automatic transmissions
CatalizadorElemento which is located inside the exhaust pipe, reconditions the gases produced during combustion. In the catalyst, gases and chemically recombine to leave less harmful atmosphere as if it had been perfect combustion. For gasoline engines, any model get approval without this element. Thus, it is a required element in all gasoline cars. Leaded gasoline super-traditional irreversibly deactivated catalyst action. In Diesel engines also incorporates a catalyst, with fewer features and, for the moment, without the necessary electronic control in gasoline. Soon be mandatory diagnostic system that, through a tale on the dashboard, confirm that the gas cleaning system works effectively
ChasisBajo this group covers all the elements that make a vehicle other than the engine, gearbox and bodywork. It is, therefore, the frame assembly, suspension, steering, brakes and transmission. By extension, it is often used as synonymous frame although, as seen, includes more components.
Compressors a device which, in the motors, is capable of providing higher air pressure than atmospheric. Volumetric compressors driven by the motor function of the car by gears, timing belts, trapezoidal or chains. At present the problems have been overcome volume or loudness performance of the first apparatus. Steal? Anything motor power, although handles overfeeding after this power amply Devoler
DirecciónConjunto of elements which allow the driver to control the movement of the wheels of the vehicle through the steering column. To reduce stress on the wheel, modern steering systems use different types of assistance, such as an electric motor, a hydraulic pump or a combination of both, amplifying the force exerted by the driver. Lately are appearing assistance steering variable according to vehicle speed, the engine revs and other circumstances. Steering systems can be of two types: zipper, the most used, and worm. Regardless of the components of the power steering, the steering rack is formed by a pinion on the basis of the steering column coupled to a toothed rack, with rods at the ends, which, in turn, connected with the wheels
Power steering (steering) Device driver assistance applying electric or hydraulic-power-to provide the driver with the steering angle. Invaluable for maneuvers, this equipment also allows the manufacturer to adopt adjustments to provide greater stability to the vehicle, then, although the direction "despite" more, the steering is in charge of doing the job. The appearance of the electric power steering has allowed, via a button, the driver can choose a degree of softness on the wheel than to circulate in town or to do on the road, as the case of the Fiat Stilo Fiat Punto or
DistribuciónElementos controlling the engine air and fuel inlet and outlet of the gas cylinder. The key component is the camshaft, driven by the crankshaft via a chain, belt or gears, which is responsible for opening the intake and exhaust valves, located at the ends of the cylinders. They return to his position by a spring. There are other types of distribution such as desmodromic or variable. The first type uses a special design of the cams, pushing down the valves to open, while another cam performs the opposite action to close. In the modern distribution variable opening and closing of the valves depends on the engine rotation regimes. This system can even control his height, ie how open or close
DOHCAcrónimo of the English expression "double overhead camshaft" with designating all those engines have two camshafts located at the top or butt. In the modern automobile, this is the usual location. When you have only one camshaft, the name used is OHC, of ??"overhead camsaft". At DOHC, are also called "Twin Cam".
DiscoTipo clutch clutch that uses a set of friction discs pressed onto the flywheel. When the clutch pedal is not depressed, the friction disc is pressing against the flywheel and rotates integrally with the shaft change. When the clutch pedal is depressed (disengaged) disconnects the engine change, as the friction disk is not pressed, and changes its speed to insert a new relationship. The clutch compensates then turns through the difference of the friction discs
DiscoSistema brake brake disc consists of a solidarity movement to the wheel, two synthetic pills that pressure side and a clip that puts pressure on the pads when the driver presses the brake pedal. The friction of the pads against the disc transforms the kinetic energy of rotation of the heat wheel which is sent to the outside. When energy is not dissipated heat causes heating of the surfaces in contact producing the fading phenomenon, hence many perforated disks run to ensure greater ventilation
TamborSistema brake brake consists of a hollow cylinder or barrel having a solidarity movement to the wheel, some pads, which attach to the inside of the drum and put pressure on him, and a hydraulic bowler, who pressure pads when the driver presses the brake pedal. The friction of the shoes against the drum, besides reducing the speed, transforms the kinetic energy of rotation of the heat wheel which is sent to the outside. When energy is not dissipated heat causes heating of the surfaces in contact producing the phenomenon of fading. This system is less efficient than the disk brake, although cheaper
IntercoolerDenominación English for "heat exchanger". This term is used to identify a radiator that cools the intake air supercharged engines. In such engines, the same effect of compression, the air is heated, lowering their density and oxygen content, which lowers the potential power increase due to the supercharging. The intercooler cools the intake air after being compressed to get the most out of an engine supercharger
DirectaSistema feed injection in which the fuel supply is performed by nozzles in the combustion chamber itself. Accurate injection pumps work with very high pressure, but makes the most of every drop of fuel, so these motors offer extremely low fuel consumption. While diesel engines in performance benefits reach 30 percent, gasoline engines rarely reach 10 percent. At present, direct injection has been consolidated in Diesel engines. It is expected a boom of these engines in its petrol variant to before 2005, although this will virtually eliminate gasoline sulfur content
IndirectaSistema feed injection in which the fuel supply nozzles is performed by an auxiliary chamber to the combustion chamber or into the intake manifold (in the case of petrol engines).
Injection power multipuntoSistema present in gasoline engines, consisting of an injector for each cylinder. This achieves precise injection, resulting in a smoother running engine and regulate, with less consumption.
Single point injection
Feed system present in gasoline engines with a single injector for all cylinders. No accurate multipoint injection, which better dosed-in-time and the fuel quantity entering each cylinder
InyectorElemento injection system ensures that fuel to inoculate the cylinder intake duct or in the case of petrol engines, the precombustion chamber or in the case of diesel engines. There are mechanical and electrical injectors. The newest is the injector system, developed by Bosch for direct injection diesel engines, which are accompanied by a small injection pump driven by the camshaft. The great advantage of this component is that it allows the fuel spray injected at pressures up to 2000 bar next, increasing the effectiveness.
McPhersonSe is a type of independent suspension, widely used today, whose peculiarity is that the damper acts as a guiding wheel support and absorbing the vertical oscillations of the longitudinal stresses. The spring is supported on the body in its upper part by a cup attached to the damper body
Motor Wankel engine rotativoTambién named in honor of its inventor, Felix Wankel, or rolling piston. Consists of a three sided rotor equal equilateral triangle shaped, slightly convex, which revolves orbitally within a special housing with three different cameras. The rolling piston or rotor has a rotary motion and orbital another around the central axis. Thus, the space of the chambers is changing depending on the rotation of the rotor, compressing the mixture. This generates the four-stroke cycle.
MultilinkTipo multilink suspension. Uses multiple arms connecting the chassis to the wheels. This achieves a lower body roll when cornering face and a higher adhesion, since it allows to constantly correct the tire drop so that there will be a greater contact with the asphalt.
OctanoÍndice number that measures the resistance of a fuel to ignite spontaneously. A higher octane number, lower tendency to self-ignition. Of great importance in gasoline engines, as one engine only works properly if ignition occurs at the exact time for which it is designed, when the spark at the plug-and not so uncontrolled. There are two index-RON and MON-, following the procedure used for the assay. Traditionally, they have achieved high octane in gasoline by adding organic lead compounds, but their incompatibility with catalysts require its gradual disappearance. The octane number of unleaded gasoline is increased by refining treatments and additivations
OHCSiglas of the English expression "overhead camsaft" with designating all those engines in a single camshaft located at the top or butt. The modern automobile is the usual location. When you have two camshafts, the name used is DOHC, "camsaft double overhead".
Park Distance Control PDCSiglas. Ultrasonic distance measuring system which is used by some manufacturers to facilitate the parking maneuver. It uses a set of sensors in the bumpers that convey information to an electronic control unit, which is responsible for making sound signals that warn of the proximity of an obstacle
RadiadorElemento which cools the engine of an automobile and thus is fundamental to its operation. It is formed by two tanks joined by a very thin tube bundle by circulating the liquid (water) hot cooling system. These small pipes pass through on their way a surface exposed to an air stream, by a fan or running the car itself, and the liquid loses heat. They are usually made of corrosion resistant metals and leave easily dissipate heat, such as brass, aluminum or copper.
Power steering
Device for facilitating the rotation of the wheel through a system assisted by a hydraulic pump or an electrical device. The latter?-Moving either the crank pulley by a belt which amplifies the result of the force applied through the steering wheel. Ie, facilitates the rotation thereof
ServofrenoDispositivo which aims to assist the brake circuit to achieve a stronger efficiency of braking. The mechanism is responsible for applying maximum pressure on the brakes, after which there is a sudden intervention in the brake pedal. Sensors measure dealing with how fast his foot off the accelerator and force violates the brake pedal. When the parameters match a predetermined level, the device is activated because you know it's necessary? Greater braking force. In the latest generation of vehicles, this is compounded by strong braking action of the emergency lights to warn vehicles following us that we are holding back with intensity.
Sigle SOHCSiglas of Over Head Camshaft. These engines have a single overhead camshaft cylinder head.
Navigation system (GPS) and digital maps A permanent display of the status of the vehicle can offer navigation systems. A CD-ROM with the plans of the country, there are also on DVD-, an antenna capable of capturing the information provided by GPS satellites? Stands for Global Positioning System-and communication screen up the system. You enter the name of the destination, city, street, place, and the system takes care of drawing a path, you can select the fastest, shortest, with or without tolls? Using acoustic messages and / or arrows indicating the direction to follow continuously and in real time, because the reading position is constantly conducting, contrasting with digitized maps. According to the manufacturers, there is information from gas stations, restaurants, etc.. In certain areas of some countries, the system is able to receive information on the traffic in real time so you can make routes less congested routes
Suspension Suspension multibrazoTipo which uses multiple arms connecting the chassis to the wheels. This achieves less body roll when cornering and face greater adherence, because it allows rectifying constantly falling tires, so there is more contact with the asphalt
TacómetroAparato measuring the number of revolutions of a shaft. In automotive, specifically designates the counter, i.e., the mechanism that indicates the speed (full turn) per minute of the crankshaft of an engine
TC (Twin Cam or Traction Control) The abbreviation CT is used to define two different terms. May correspond to Twin Cam, or double overhead cam, which describes the engines that employ two trees in its architecture. They may also Traction Control and Traction Control, ie those mechanisms that are responsible for managing the traction capabilities of the engine-transmission-running gear
RuedasTipo four drive transmission in which the driving force is distributed among each of the four wheels. This distribution need not be equal to each of the wheels, even constant but may depend on the available grip. By allocating more efforts between wheel-drive, you can make better use of the available grip, which is particularly important on slippery surfaces. In return, all-wheel drive cars have more friction, which hurts performance and consumption for the two-wheel drive only. For this system to enjoy true efficacy in a slippery, must have locking devices, intended to "bridge" the action of the differential, required when riding on asphalt. These mechanical locks have been tradicionamente; currently handles the electronic replicate their performance, automatically stopping when skidding wheel ABS system devices. The braking point and individualized not only prevents a local rotate wheel bringing it to a rotational speed such as to provide real-grip, but also leads force to other wheels that do have adhesion to exit the difficulty
Lacking automáticaAquella transmission clutch and conventional shift lever using a gearbox automatically varies depending on the relationship of the vehicle speed, the road profile and some other variable. Recently, systems have appeared more complex as the EVCT automatic transmission or continuously variable automatic transmission. Have an infinite gallery and gear ratios are not limited to 4.5 or 6. Thus avoiding the typical jumps conventional gearboxes, caused by the passage of one sprocket to another. See automatic
TurbocompresorUno possible types of supercharger of an engine. It is used to increase the intake air pressure so that, with the same displacement, the engine admits more work and provide further mixing. In outline, the equipment consists of a compressor integrally joined by a shaft to a turbine, so that the set is called a turbocharger. Unlike other systems supercharger, turbocharger draws no power to the motor, but receives the residual energy of the exhaust gases, which would otherwise be lost. As the origin of the pressure are these exhaust gases, there may be a certain delay in engine response to the accelerator while the turbine is accelerated, what is known as turbo lag, or "turbo lag". The turbine stands in the exhaust pipe, close to the engine, so that works to high temperatures, which can reach 900 ° C. The speeds are also considerable, as they can reach 100,000 rpm, which requires a meticulous manufacturing process to avoid imbalances. These thermal and mechanical circumstances dictate that care turbochargers incorporate a lubrication system and sometimes cooling. To prevent detonation phenomena in gasoline engines, when going to adopt a turbo compression ratio is lowered with respect to its equivalent aspirated. In diesel engines, the turbocharger is able to reduce the specific consumption, while increasing gasoline engines
